A classification of behaviour
Behaviour and planning
|
May be divided into two main types:
/ \
Reactive Instrumental (goal-directed)
| (learned through operant conditioning)
| |
Which depends only on In contrast, instrumental behaviourits stimulus or cause. depends mainly on its effect, and in
It is possible to distinguish certain conditions also on the cause
between: / \ It consists of the following types:
/ \ / \
Inherited Conditioned reflex / \
(learned through / \
classical conditioning) / \
/ \
Avoidance Escape
| |
(is characterised by proactive behaviour, (is similar to „reactive", in that it
it occurs before the need / deprivation) occurs after the need / deprivation.
| NB, it is often known as "pursuing"
| or „goal-directed" behaviour)
|
Avoidance may be further subdivided into:
/ \
Suppression Active avoidance
(in which something is left undone) (in which something is actively
prevented from happening in
the external world by removing its
preconditions).
(A special type that combines
the active avoidance and escape may be called "balancing")
Instrumental behaviour can also be differentiated according to the:
Direction of change Something increases Something decreases
as a result of action: (or comes into existence) (or disappears)
Time delay of results: Immediate results Longterm results
(the associated reinforcement schedule is called interval schedule)
Structure of actions, that is, whether there are subgoals or not:
No subgoals Chained - having subgoals
(only end-goals) The subgoals do not have to
be conscious.
Also related to insight learning.
A special type is repetitive
action, in which the result
implies some number of
repeated actions; the
associated reinforcement
schedule is called ratio schedule.
Whether there are preconditions (discriminant stimuli) or not:
Preconditions: No preconditions Having preconditions
(discriminant stimuli)
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