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A classification of behaviour
 
                             Behaviour and planning
                                            |
         May be divided into two main types:
                 /                                                   \
       Reactive                                               Instrumental (goal-directed)
              |                                                       (learned through operant conditioning)
               |                                                                          |
Which depends only on                              In contrast, instrumental behaviourits stimulus or cause.                                        depends mainly on its effect, and in 
It is possible to distinguish                        certain conditions also on the cause
between:   /           \                                       It consists of the following types:
                  /                 \                                         /                        \
Inherited        Conditioned reflex             /                              \
                               (learned through          /                                    \
                      classical conditioning)       /                                          \
                                                                    /                                                \
                                                      Avoidance                                       Escape        
                                                             |                                                       |
(is characterised by proactive behaviour,        (is similar to „reactive", in that it
it occurs before the need / deprivation)       occurs after the need / deprivation.
                                               |                               NB, it is often known as "pursuing"
                                               |                                        or „goal-directed" behaviour)
                                               |
                   Avoidance may be further subdivided into:                    
                                       /                                    \
                             Suppression                         Active avoidance
(in which something is left undone)              (in which something is actively
                                                                                   prevented from happening in
                                                                                    the external world by removing its
                                                                                    preconditions).
 
                                             (A special type that combines
                     the active avoidance and escape may be called "balancing")
 
 
Instrumental behaviour can also be differentiated according to the:
Direction of change         Something increases          Something decreases
as a result of action:    (or comes into existence)     (or disappears)
 
Time delay of results:     Immediate results               Longterm results
(the associated reinforcement schedule is called interval schedule)
 
Structure of actions, that is, whether there are subgoals or not:
                                                No subgoals                   Chained - having subgoals
                                             (only end-goals)             The subgoals do not have to
                                                                                                 be conscious.
                                                                                         Also related to insight learning.
                                                                                         A special type is repetitive
                                                                                          action, in which the result
                                                                                          implies some number of
                                                                                          repeated actions; the
                                                                                          associated reinforcement
                                                                                      schedule is called ratio schedule.
 
Whether there are preconditions (discriminant stimuli) or not:
Preconditions:                  No preconditions                    Having preconditions
                                                                                                    (discriminant stimuli)
 
---
 
See also: http://roland.pri.ee/wiki/a_classification_of_stimuli for further classification of both preconditions and stimuli for both instrumental and reactive behaviour.
 
 

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Teised tekstid samas jaotuses:  ||  Viiteid  ||  Täpsustusi  ||  Täiendavaid uurimisküsimusi  ||  Uuritud asju  ||  A classification of stimuli (and discriminant stimuli)  ||  



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